The lacri mal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the human eye. The lacrimal gland is the tearproducing organ of the lacrimal apparatus. Apr 23, 2020 lacrimal gland is an important part of the lacrimal apparatus the lacrimal system that plays an essential role in maintaining the normal anatomy of the eye. Learn lacrimal system with free interactive flashcards. The lacrimal fluid is 1 secreted and 2 distributed about the conjunctival sac, and 3 its excess is excreted into the nose. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The lacrimal system includes the structures involved in the production and drainage of tears. Jun 20, 2019 background probing and irrigation is a procedure used to assess the anatomy and functional status of the lacrimal drainage system. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the lacrimal glands their location, neurovascular supply and clinical relevance. Diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal system dysfunction a symptoms checklist see figure 1 in conjunction with functional diagnostic tests that temporarily occlude the lacrimal excretory system for example, the temporary stitch test 2 or the herrick testlacrimal efficiency test, in which dissolvable plugs are placed into all four tear. The lacrimal gland is an exocrine gland in the anterior aspect of the supratemporal orbit within the bony lacrimal fossa. The lacrimal system pediatric clinics of north america.
Each of these chapters covers the basic knowledge needed to acquire a fundamental understanding of the normal functioning and pathological conditions that affect the lacrimal system. The following components of the lacrimal drainage system anatomy. Lacrimal apparatus anatomy and precorneal tear film duration. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the lacrimal system will further facilitate the chance of a successful surgical outcome. Jul 26, 2017 handwritten notes video of anatomy of lacrimal apparatus including lacrimal gland and passages. The serous fluid washes over the eye and is drained at the medial canthus by the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi to the lacrimal sac and then to the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.
Gross, histologic, and microcomputed tomographic anatomy of the lacrimal system of snakes. The lacrimal glands are serous type exocrine glands that secrete lacrimal fluid onto the surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye lacrimal fluid acts to the clean, nourish and lubricate the eyes. This is a genuine pdf ebook copy of this book hosted to 3rdparty online repositories so that you can enjoy a blazingfast and safe downloading experience. Surgery of the lacrimal system is for epiphora, which is an outflow problem cause by a stenosis or obstruction of the lacrimal excretory system or very poor functional drainage, as for instance may occur in facial nerve paralysis. It then passes laterally and superiorly over the optic nerve to give branches to the lacrimal gland and ocular muscles.
Anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus linkedin slideshare. Anatomy of lacrimal system human head and neck scribd. The lacrimal apparatus is the physiological system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. While the first endoscopes were rigid and limited by poor picture quality in. The orbit is conical with a volume of approximately 27 ml. Jul 23, 20 the nasolacrimal drainage system serves as a conduit for tear flow from the external eye to the nasal cavity. Anatomy of lacrimal apparatus primate anatomy organ anatomy.
It is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. The lacrimal fascia is surrounded by fibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The lacrimal system jama ophthalmology jama network. Anatomy, physiology, and immunology of the lacrimal system. The normal function of this system is essential for the integrity of the ocular surface and the provision of a smooth refractive surface. Anatomy of lacrimal apparatus free download as powerpoint presentation. Another redeye condition commonly presenting to the primary care physician arises from abnormalities of the tear drainage system. It contains the globe and the optic nerve, external ocular muscles, ophthalmic artery and its branches, orbital veins and nerves and the lacrimal gland.
Lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi, contracts compresses the sac, positive pressure tears nasolacrimal duct nose. The ophthalmic artery continues anteriorly and leaves the muscle cone to anastomose with. Anatomy of lacrimal apparatus primate anatomy organ. Choose from 500 different sets of lacrimal system flashcards on quizlet. Anatomy of lacrimal apparatus handwritten notes youtube. The anterior and posterior lacrimal crests are formed by the maxillary and lacrimal bones, respectively the medial orbital wall is formed, from anterior to posterior, by the. Lacrimal glands and apparatus vasculature innervation. The lacrimal system is closely related to nasal structures. Several bony landmarks of the lacrimal bone function in the process of lacrimation or crying. Patients present with a painful swelling on the medial side of the orbit, which is the enlarged, infected sac. Normally, tears drain into the lacrimal system through two puncta, one present in the upper lid and the other in the.
This article explores the anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus, including its parts, function and clinical significance. The anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system in lizards has been assessed by gross dissection and histologically. The tubuloalveolar lacrimal gland is flattened and lies over the superiortemporal part of the globe. The organs associated with the production and removal of tears including the secretory glands, drainage system, and nerves. The lacrimal system consists of the following structures fig. The lacrimal apparatus provides for the production and maintenance of the preocular tear film. Alright, here you will be able to access the free pdf download of netters atlas of human anatomy 7th edition pdf using direct links mentioned at the end of this article. The first section, basic sciences, includes chapters on the anatomy, embryology, and physiology of the lacrimal system, nose, and paranasal sinuses. The lacrimal system and its mucous membranes can now be viewed directly with a lacrimal endoscope. The part within the lacrimal sac fossa is called as the sac, and the part inferior to the superior opening of the nasolacrimal canal is the nasolacrimal duct. The lacrimal system diagnosis, management, and surgery by adam j. The lacrimal system includes the tear film of the eye and the tear drainage system.
This contribution explores both the form and function of numerous anatomic features of the human ocular system, which are vital to a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of many oculocutaneous diseases. Anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system abdominal key. Ct of the inferomedial orbit and the lacrimal drainage apparatus. Lacrimal apparatus aclands video atlas of human anatomy. The lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct are a continuous structure. Treatment of lacrimal system dysfunction preventing basic. Obstruction to the lacrimal drainage system is the feature to look for in this condition. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction cnldo, or dacryostenosis, is the most common disorder of the lacrimal system, occurring in up to 6% of newborn infants. Pdf gross, histologic, and microcomputed tomographic. Lacrimal gland is an important part of the lacrimal apparatus the lacrimal system that plays an essential role in maintaining the normal anatomy of the eye. Diseases of the lacrimal system can be divided into those that cause a decrease in any component of the preocular tear film or those that cause epiphora. The lacrimal surgery is performed to restore the lacrimal drainage, and its success directly depends on how much the anatomy and its intricacies are understood. Anatomy and physiology of the ocular adnexa eyelids eyebrows eyelashes accessory glands lacrimal apparatus what is the opening between. The most anterior layer is the oil layer, produced by the meibomian glands and glands of zeis, and functions to prevent evaporation of the tear film.
In the dog it lies beneath the orbital ligament and supraorbital process of the. Tears have an integral role in the functioning of the eye. When done correctly, it is a welltolerated and safe procedure that provides extremely useful diagnostic information, as well as assists surgical planning when pathology is encountered. While the first endoscopes were rigid and limited by poor picture quality in axial illuminations, the new generation of endoscopes are a great leap forward for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. What is the anatomy of the lacrimal system relevant to. In patients with bicanalicular lesions and gross disruption of the region, intubation of both puncta can be carried out and the soft silicone tubes should be left in situ for at least 6 months. The part of the sac superior to the medial canthal tendon mct is called the fundus, with its vertical length of 35 mm. Jack j kanskis clinical ophthalmology clinical anatomy of the eye by richard s.
They protect the eye from infection, lubricate the movements of the eye and eyelid, and also ensure the presence of a thin transparent layer on the surface of the conjunctiva. Anatomy and histology of the lacrimal fluid drainage system. The lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the human eye. The lacrimal apparatus is the physiologica l syste m containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage.
The lacrimal gland is a bilobed exocrine gland arising from. It therefore can be divided into a secretory system, a distributional system, and an excretory system. It lies in this hollow in the roof of the orbit, the lacrimal fossa. The many small ducts of the lacrimal gland open into the conjuctival fornix up here. Normally, tears drain into the lacrimal system through two. These are the small palpebral portion that lies closer to the eye, and the orbital portion that forms around four ducts. Backgroundaimuntil recently, diagnosis of disorders of the lacrimal system has depended on digital dacryocystography and on clinical examinations such as the fluorescein dye test, lacrimal probing, and irrigation. The whole lacrimal system including the intrabony lacrimal sac and duct are at risk in displaced nasoethmoidal fractures. The lacrimal gland is located in the lateral upper lid margin. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. What is the anatomy of lacrimal system relevant to. Many variations in the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system have been noted. Netters atlas of human anatomy 7th edition pdf free download.
The lacrimal bone is a small and fragile bone of the facial skeleton. Anatomy of lacrimal system free download as powerpoint presentation. Lacrimal system disorders american academy of ophthalmology. Frontal process of the maxilla lacrimal bone ethmoid bone lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. Gross, histologic, and computed tomographic anatomy of the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is primarily caused by an immunemediated disease against the lacrimal glands, resulting in a decrease in the aqueous component of the precorneal tear film. It consists of the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct see the image below.
Handwritten notes video of anatomy of lacrimal apparatus including lacrimal gland and passages. Under normal conditions, tears are produced by the lacrimal gland and drain into the nose by way of lacrimal drainage structures. Five human specimens of the lacrimal canaliculus and sac were examined by light and scanning electron microsopy. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Conventional dacryocystography does not outline the lacrimal canaliculi adequately, and a method of dacryocystography is described for improved visualization of this part of the lacrimal system. The lacrimal apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland and the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus the gland produces tears secreted into the lateral aspect of the superior fornix.
The l acrimal canali culi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal. Ct of the inferomedial orbit and the lacrimal drainage. Normal and pathologic anatomy the normal and pathologic ct anatomy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus was examined during study of the orbits, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses in 100 patients with a variety of clinical complaints related to the inferomedial orbit. The following components of the lacrimal drainage system anatomy will be discussed in detail. Lacrimal apparatus an overview sciencedirect topics. The tearproducing lacrimal glands and the drainage systemthe canaliculi and the nasolacrimal duct that carry surplus tears down into the nose. Other structures constituting the lacrimal apparatus include the lacrimal sac approximately 12 mm long, nasolacrimal duct which is about 18 mm in length and the lacrimal canaliculi. Embryology osteology secretory system excretory system 4. Endoscopy of the lacrimal system pubmed central pmc. Lacrimal system definition of lacrimal system by medical. The lacrimal apparatus include the following structures. It is usually caused by a failure of canalization of the epithelial cells that form the nasolacrimal duct as it enters the nose valve of hasner. Infections of the nasolacrimal system closed obstruction of the drainage system predisposes to infection of the sac dacryocystitis. The majority of the gland lies within this fossa, but the lateral horn of the levator palpebrae superioris separates this orbital part from the palpebral lobe, which extends anteriorly into the supratemporal conjunctival culdesac.
In patients with bicanalicular lesions and gross disruption of the region, intubation of both puncta can be carried out and the soft silicone tubes should be. This gland is about the size of an almond, and sits within the lacrimal fossa, located in the superior and outer edge of the orbital roof. This chapter describes the detailed anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal drainage system and also discusses the immunology. Here just below and behind it is the lacrimal gland, which secretes tears. Definition msh the tearforming and tearconducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system. Surgical approaches to the lacrimal sac and duct require precise knowledge of the anatomy of nasal structures and their variations. Infections of the naso lacrimal system closed obstruction of the drainage system predisposes to infection of the sac dacryocystitis.