Niaidsupported scientists are working to understand the pathology of dengue disease and to develop costeffective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tests for use in dengueendemic countries. Dengue virus 3 genotype 1 associated with dengue fever and. The global prevalence of dengue fever df has grown dramatically in recent decades. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. The 2009 bolivian dengue fever epidemic was an epidemic of dengue fever which struck bolivia in early 2009, escalating into a national emergency by february. Dengue fever 3 associated problems dengue can occasionally affect several other body systems,15 either in isolation or along with the classic dengue symptoms. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. The goal of these tests is to provide early detection of the disease, distinguish between the different viral dengue, and predict which people are at highest risk of developing the more severe forms of. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. It is a caused by a flavivirus with four distinct serotypes dv1, dv2, dv3, and dv4.
Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who. Laboratory test for the diagnosis of dengue world health. Dengue fever frequently asked questions faq for early child care providers 11 march 2016 general questions about dengue fever. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, 2nd edition 2nd. It is an increasing threat to global public health. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. In a few cases, df can progress to lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss. Dengue presents initially as undifferentiated fever, with symptoms becoming more.
For patients presenting 1 week after fever onset, igm detection is most useful, although ns1 has been reported positive up to 12 days after fever onset figure 301. Infants and young children may have an undifferentiated febrile disease, often with a maculopapular rash. By telling us about dengue cases near you, we can paint a true picture of dengue fever and predict future outbreaks. Since the last major pandemic in 1998, epidemics have recurred in much of the area. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection.
Dengue is a highly endemic infectious disease of the tropical countries and is rapidly becoming a global burden. For patients presenting during the first week after fever onset, diagnostic testing should include a test for dengue virus rrtpcr or ns1 and igm. Although the fever has gone away, the next phase of dengue can be dangerous for some people. Dengue fever df has been emerging in hanoi over the last decade.
This test differentiates between primary and secondary infection. The surveillance atlas of infectious diseases is a tool that interacts with the latest available data about a number of infectious diseases. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Both df epidemiology and climate in hanoi are strongly seasonal. About 50100 million cases of dengue fever and 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, resulting in around 24,000 deaths, are reported annually. Box 3 laboratory criteria for diagnosis of dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome1 2. Older children and adults may have either a mild febrile syndrome or the classic incapacitating disease with high fever of abrupt onset.
At least 18 people died and 31,000 were infected by the mosquitotransmitted arbovirus on 20 february, the pan american health organization reported. Published data over the last decade from asian countries, especially india, show an apparent increase in the incidence of concurrent infections of malaria and dengue. Although dengue virus infections are usually selflimiting, dengue infection has come up as a public. Public health england phe has today 8 july 2014 published annual 20 data for dengue fever and chikungunya. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are viral diseases transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, usually aedes aegypti. Classic dengue fever, or break bone fever, is characterized by acute onset of high. The flaviviruses latin flavus meaning yellow, because of the jaundice induced by yellow fever virus comprise a large genus of medically important, arthropodtransmitted, enveloped viruses with members that include yellow fever, dengue, west nile, tickborne encephalitis tbev, and japanese encephalitis viruses burke and monath 2001, lindenbach and rice 2001. Clinical suspected cases of df from the 14 central districts of hanoi were obtained from the ministry of health over a. Laboratory diagnosis and diagnostic tests dengue ncbi.
It is caused by any of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and is transmitted within humans through female aedes mosquitoes. Dengue is a febrile illness that can have a fatal outcome in severe cases. Centers for disease control and prevention clinical diagnosis dengue classic dengue fever, or break bone fever, is characterized by acute onset of high fever 314 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia region. These mosquitoes acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. Caring for a child or family member sick with dengue. Dengue fever can easily be confused with non dengue illnesses, particularly in nonepidemic situations. Dengue viruses spread to humans by the bite of female mosquitoes. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock. Dengue infection is caused by any of four distinct but closely related dengue virus denv serotypes called denv1, 2. Phe publish dengue fever and chikungunya annual data gov. Dengue virus infection is increasingly recognized as one of the worlds emerging infectious diseases. In 1927 and 1928, several outbreaks in greece and turkey affected more than a million people and killed up to 1500.
Due to its large file size, this book may take longer to download kindle ereaders kindle. These regional guidelines were extensively revised, updated and expanded with the focus on new and additional topics of current relevance to the populations of the. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, 2nd edition 2nd edition, kindle edition. Occasionally, and more commonly in children, the fever abates for a day and then returns, a. Dengue fever european centre for disease prevention and. Severe dengue requires hospitalization and can be life threatening. About 1 in 20 people with dengue will develop severe dengue. Please contact xxx county health department chd by the next business day if you suspect dengue to ensure prompt mosquito control efforts. Dengue or breakbone fever is high on the list of mosquitoborne diseases that may worsen with global warming. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a potentially lethal complication of dengue virus infection, was first recognized in asia in the 1950s and is now a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. Clinically, it is characterized by sudden onset and early symptoms of fever, systemic muscular pain, systemic skeleton and joint pain, extreme fatigue, congestive skin rashes, poor appetite, and taste dysfunction.
The rash typically begins on day 3 and persists 23 days. Warning signs generally begin in the 2448 hours after the fever has gone away. However, disaster nearly struck when nimol was arrested in san diego in accordance with the stringent, post911 ins policy. You can help us to reduce the impact of dengue fever by playing your part in a global effort to map the disease. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a severe febrile disease, characterized by abnormalities in hemostasis and increased vascular permeability, which in some cases results in hypovolemic shock syndrome and in dengue shock syndrome.
A risk to anyone traveling to a tropical or subtropical region of the world where dengue virus is found. Identification kits for infectious agents are available in 96well format and can. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of. Symptoms include frontal headache, retroorbital pain, myalgias, arthralgias, hemorrhagic manifestations, rash, and. Dengue fever igm antibody eia online booking, fever dr. The bbc described it as the worst outbreak of dengue fever in the countrys history.
The interface allows users to interact and manipulate the data to produce a variety of tables and maps. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Malaria and dengue are two major arthropodborne infections in the tropics, but dual infections are only described rarely. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue fever df is one of the most common widespread vector borne diseases in the world. Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever. An individual infected with dengue fever will have a high fever along with at least two of the following symptoms. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. Primarily tropical but spreads to other areas in summer. Climaticdriven seasonality of emerging dengue fever in. The symptoms of the disease include high fever, rash, and severe headache with.
Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to reduce mortality. This study aims at characterizing the seasonality of df in hanoi and its links to climatic variables as df incidence increases from year to year. Rash in dengue fever is a maculopapular or macular confluent rash over the face, thorax, and flexor surfaces, with islands of skin sparing. Three factors have been fundamental in dengue diagnosis. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Dengue fever df is an acute mosquitoborne infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue fever frequently asked questions faq for early. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Dengue fever the clinical features of df frequently depend on the age of the patient. Currently, dengue is the most significant mosquitoborne viral disease that affects humans. Fever typically abates with the cessation of viremia.
Paired acute and convalescent specimens that exhibit a significant change in titer are useful to confirm. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. Severe dengue is a very serious illness with abnormal bleeding and very low blood pressure shock. Over half of the worlds population resides in areas potentially at risk for dengue transmission, making dengue one of.
Concerning the natural history of dengue, as previously mentioned, an incubation period of 58 days followed by the onset of a highpeak fever, headache, malaise and myalgia with a rash. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue fever counted among their fans actor matt dillon, who included their khmerlanguage cover of joni mitchells both sides now on the soundtrack of his 2003 directorial debut, city of ghosts. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection can be made by the detection of. This increase is believed to be to be due to multiple factors. Can result in death with dengue hemorrhagic fever, which primarily affects children. In the united states, both macelisa and rrtpcr are approved as in vitro diagnostic tests. Dengue virus denv is transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Depending on the geographical origin of the patient, other etiologies including non dengue flavivirus infections should be ruled out.
The clinical features of dhf include plasma leakage, bleeding tendency and liver involvement. Until 1930, dengue fever was endemic in the countries of southern europe where the vector ae. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are caused by infection of rna flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito vector. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Pdf early diagnosis of dengue, the most common mosquitoborne disease globally, remains. Efficient and accurate diagnosis of dengue is of primary importance for clinical care i. Dengue fever df and dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf are increasingly. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Each year, an estimated 390 million people are infected. The threat of dengue in europe has increased in the last few years.